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NEET Morphology of Flowering Plants: 5 practice MCQs

By the PrepMatic team · Updated 9 Oct 2026 · 3 min read

Morphology of Flowering Plants is a descriptive Class 11 Biology chapter about the external form of roots, stems, leaves, inflorescences, flowers, fruits and seeds. It is easy to score in if you know the examples NCERT gives. The five MCQs below test pneumatophores, aestivation, placentation, modified roots and stems, and the edible part of a fruit.

What this chapter covers in the NEET syllabus

The NMC unit is Structural Organisation in Animals and Plants, and this chapter is the plant morphology half. In NCERT it is Class 11, Morphology of Flowering Plants. The topics are:

• The root system (tap and fibrous roots, and modifications), the stem and its modifications.
• The leaf: venation, phyllotaxy and modifications.
• The inflorescence, and the flower with its parts: calyx, corolla, androecium and gynoecium.
• Aestivation, placentation and floral formulae, with floral diagrams.
• Fruits and seeds, including the structure of dicot and monocot seeds.
• Description of families such as Fabaceae, Solanaceae and Liliaceae.

Five practice MCQs on Morphology of Flowering Plants

Question 1

Pneumatophores, the breathing roots that grow upward out of the mud, are found in:

• A. banyan
• B. Rhizophora
• C. maize
• D. turnip

Question 2

Vexillary aestivation is characteristic of the family:

• A. Solanaceae
• B. Liliaceae
• C. Brassicaceae
• D. Fabaceae

Question 3

Basal placentation is found in:

• A. sunflower
• B. mustard
• C. tomato
• D. Dianthus

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a modification of the root?

• A. Carrot
• B. Turnip
• C. Ginger
• D. Sweet potato

Question 5

The edible part of a mango fruit is the:

• A. epicarp
• B. mesocarp
• C. endocarp
• D. seed

Answers and explanations

1. B. Mangrove plants such as Rhizophora grow in salty, waterlogged mud with little oxygen. Their pneumatophores grow upward and have pores to take in air. Banyan has prop roots for support, and maize has stilt roots near the base of the stem.
2. D. In pea and bean flowers (Fabaceae) the large standard petal overlaps the two lateral wing petals, which in turn overlap the two smaller keel petals. This arrangement is called vexillary or papilionaceous. Brassicaceae has a cross-shaped corolla.
3. A. In basal placentation a single ovule attaches at the base of the ovary, as in sunflower and marigold. Mustard has parietal placentation, tomato has axile placentation, and Dianthus has free central placentation.
4. C. Ginger is a rhizome, an underground modified stem with nodes and buds. Carrot, turnip and sweet potato are all swollen roots that store food, which is why they are modified roots (tap roots in carrot and turnip, adventitious in sweet potato).
5. B. Mango is a drupe: a fleshy fruit from a single carpel. The thin skin is the epicarp, the juicy edible part is the mesocarp, and the hard stone is the endocarp covering the seed.

How to prepare Morphology of Flowering Plants

• Learn with specimens or sketches. Sketch each type of modification (root, stem, leaf) with one example. Match the example to what the modification does: storage, support, climbing, protection or photosynthesis.
• Memorise lists of examples, as questions repeat them. Placentation types (marginal: pea; axile: China rose, tomato, lemon; parietal: mustard, Argemone; free central: Dianthus, primrose; basal: sunflower, marigold), aestivation types, and venation in monocots versus dicots.
• Write floral formulae with the symbols, and draw the floral diagram of Fabaceae, Solanaceae and Liliaceae. Know the symbols for actinomorphic, zygomorphic, bisexual, superior ovary and inferior ovary.
• Compare dicot and monocot seeds, roots, stems and leaves in one table. Questions often ask which feature belongs to which.
• Use the family descriptions as lists: vegetative features, floral features, and the plants of economic importance.

Because this chapter is descriptive, repeated revision of your lists matters more than long reading. For the overall Biology plan, see the NEET Biology preparation guide, and for reading methods, NCERT for NEET.

Take a full Morphology of Flowering Plants test on PrepMatic

Descriptive chapters like this one are best tested after the lists are memorised. PrepMatic's topic tests are about 15 questions in 30 minutes, with NEET's negative marking in the score and a place in the free Basic plan. Browse more chapters on the practice hub.

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