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NEET Excretory Products and Their Elimination: 5 practice MCQs

By the PrepMatic team · Updated 9 Oct 2026 · 3 min read

Excretory Products and Their Elimination explains how the kidney forms urine and how hormones regulate it. The chapter is short and fact-based, with a few numbers to remember. The five MCQs below cover juxtamedullary nephrons, the glomerular filtration rate, the action of ADH, animals that excrete uric acid and the source of renin.

What this chapter covers in the NEET syllabus

Excretion is part of the NMC unit Human Physiology, and in NCERT it is the Class 11 chapter Excretory Products and Their Elimination. The topics are:

• Modes of excretion: ammonotelism, ureotelism and uricotelism.
• The human excretory system: structure of the kidney and the nephron.
• Urine formation: glomerular filtration, reabsorption and tubular secretion.
• Concentration of urine and the counter-current mechanism.
• Regulation of kidney function: the renin-angiotensin mechanism, ANF and ADH.
• Micturition, the role of other organs in excretion, and disorders such as uraemia, renal calculi and glomerulonephritis, with dialysis.

Five practice MCQs on Excretion

Question 1

Nephrons with a very long loop of Henle that runs deep into the medulla are called:

• A. cortical nephrons
• B. juxtamedullary nephrons
• C. both cortical and juxtamedullary nephrons equally
• D. neither of these

Question 2

The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in a healthy adult is approximately:

• A. 12.5 mL per minute
• B. 25 mL per minute
• C. 125 mL per minute
• D. 1250 mL per minute

Question 3

Which hormone released from the neurohypophysis prevents diuresis by increasing water reabsorption in the distal parts of the nephron?

• A. Renin
• B. Aldosterone
• C. Atrial natriuretic factor
• D. Antidiuretic hormone

Question 4

Which of the following animals is uricotelic?

• A. Birds
• B. Mammals
• C. Bony fishes
• D. Adult frogs

Question 5

The enzyme renin is secreted by the:

• A. proximal convoluted tubule
• B. juxtaglomerular cells
• C. collecting duct
• D. podocytes

Answers and explanations

1. B. Juxtamedullary nephrons have long loops of Henle that extend deep into the medulla and are important for concentrating urine. Cortical nephrons, the majority, have short loops. The vasa recta runs parallel to the long loops.
2. C. The GFR is about 125 mL per minute, which is about 180 litres per day. Nearly all of this filtrate is reabsorbed, and the final urine volume is only about 1.5 litres a day.
3. D. ADH (vasopressin) is stored and released from the neurohypophysis. It acts on the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct to increase water reabsorption, preventing diuresis. ANF causes vasodilation, and aldosterone acts on sodium and water reabsorption.
4. A. Birds, reptiles, land snails and insects excrete uric acid, which needs very little water, so they are uricotelic. Bony fishes are ammonotelic, and mammals are ureotelic.
5. B. A fall in glomerular blood flow or pressure stimulates the juxtaglomerular cells to release renin. Renin converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin I and then to angiotensin II, which raises blood pressure and GFR and triggers aldosterone release.

How to prepare Excretion

• Draw the nephron and label every part. Bowman's capsule and glomerulus, PCT, loop of Henle (descending and ascending limbs), DCT and collecting duct. Beside each part, note what is reabsorbed or secreted there, and whether water is permeable or not.
• Memorise the numbers NCERT gives: GFR 125 mL per minute, 180 litres of filtrate a day, and 1.5 litres of urine. Learn the three layers of the filtration barrier (endothelium, basement membrane and podocytes).
• Understand the counter-current mechanism. The descending limb is permeable to water, the ascending limb to salts. The vasa recta works as a counter-current exchanger and maintains the gradient in the medulla.
• Make a hormone table: ADH, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone and ANF, with the source, stimulus and effect of each. It is the best use of ten minutes in this chapter.
• Link disorders to terms: uraemia, renal calculi, glomerulonephritis, haemodialysis and kidney transplant.

This chapter is quick to revise with one diagram and one table. Biology planning is covered in the NEET Biology preparation guide, and the unit list in the NEET syllabus.

Take a full Excretion test on PrepMatic

With one diagram and one hormone table, this chapter is ready for a quick check. PrepMatic's topic tests run about 15 questions in 30 minutes, with NEET's negative marking applied to the score. They are part of the free Basic plan, and more chapters are on the practice hub.

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